Research on the most popular ammunition packaging

Research on ammunition packaging in the United States

when soldiers fight, they are required to shoot ammunition that can only kill the enemy without hurting themselves. However, if the ammunition is not well packed, there will be many factors affecting the performance of the ammunition. For example, the ammunition may have been shelved in the warehouse for many years; Exposed to various climatic conditions during transportation and battlefield storage; It may suffer vibration, fall and sometimes trample during transportation; Soldiers also require that the ammunition they need can be quickly obtained in any climate and can be easily transported on the battlefield; The American people and their allies demand a certain degree of safety in the accidental accident of transporting ammunition by road, rail and sea. The key factor to meet the above requirements is to use packages that have been strictly studied and tested. When studying ammunition packaging, we should make a reasonable relationship between protection and cost. As the U.S. Army modernizes its weapon system, ammunition needs to research and adopt advanced new packaging to make excellent new weapons powerful on the battlefield

development status of ammunition packaging

before the Second World War, packaging focused on cost and ease of handling, with little consideration given to the environment that ammunition might withstand. Therefore, in the process of transportation and handling, the percentage of destruction of ammunition is high. In order to overcome the above shortcomings, the U.S. Army established a packaging design agency at the pitingny Arsenal. The designed packaging began to adopt strict inspection and test, in order to obtain the safest protection. Metal containers, fiber containers and wood containers, which are now widely used, have been developed to meet the strict requirements of the military distribution system

after the Second World War and during the cold war, the packaging was further improved, which helped to make it have better protection ability under the conditions of large climate change. For example, in Vietnam's high humidity climate, the "jungle packaging" is used, that is, the packaging with a wax coating around the fiber container. Soldiers must peel the coating by hand to take out the ammunition. During this period, the logistics system was basically packaged at the lowest cost, and the focus of packaging was not really on supporting soldiers to complete their tactical missions

after the establishment of the Ammunition Logistics Project Management Office in 1984, the focus of packaging changed. Its purpose is to centrally manage the packaging and logistics work, introduce new technologies into the packaging field of the army, and solve the problems that users are most concerned about. The Ammunition Logistics Program Management Office, together with the ammunition system management department of the U.S. Army training and Doctrine Command and the weapons research, development and Engineering Center of the U.S. Army Tank motor vehicle and weapons Bureau, has developed an action plan for ammunition packaging and replenishment, which includes 23 subprogrammes to enhance the combat capability of the U.S. Army through improved packaging. The main goal is to reduce the weight of the package by 40% and the volume by 30%; Reduce battlefield waste and signal characteristics; Safe storage of explosives and propellants; Facilitate nuclear, biological and chemical purification; It enables soldiers to quickly and easily obtain packaged ammunition in order to replenish weapons systems; Improve moisture resistance and corrosion resistance

in the next six years, the army's packaging system will change from a large number of wooden boxes and pallets to a system that fixes steel cylinders and rectangular containers on steel pallets, which is popular with users. These new containers provide the best protection for the packaged ammunition from the factory to being fired by guns through the closed environment. The closed environment should also make it easy for soldiers to take out the packaged ammunition, and make the packaging well connected with field handling equipment, tactical ammunition replenishment vehicles and weapon systems. These advantages will effectively improve the combat capability of the army

the new packaging of 120 mm m1a1 tank ammunition series and the new packaging of 25 mm ammunition series for Bradley infantry combat vehicle system are the two best packaging popular with users. The new packaging of 120 mm tank ammunition is a system to fix the steel cylinder packaging container on the steel tray. The advantages of this system are that the ammunition can be taken out in one step without destroying the packaging belt of the pallet, and an additional 10 rounds of ammunition are loaded on each pallet at the same time; The tray structure allows two rows of trays with outward openings to be fixed on the high mobility tactical truck, so that the load capacity of each truck is increased from 160 pounds to 240 pounds, and it can replenish ammunition for two tanks at the same time; The ammunition feeding time is reduced. It takes 33 minutes to completely replenish one M1 tank with old-fashioned wooden box packaging, while it only takes 14 minutes to display the experimental time in real time with new pallet packaging. Due to the improvement of packaging, the life cycle cost of more than 17 million dollars has been saved

25mm ammunition series is a steel rectangular container. It replaces the plastic containers used in the Bradley infantry combat vehicle system. The problem with the old plastic packaging containers is that they cannot be kept sealed, so the packaged ammunition cannot be made waterproof, especially when the packaged ammunition is stored on the floor. The new packaging container solves this problem. At the same time, it also reduces the cost, reduces the amount of flammable materials contained in the car, and can quickly take out ammunition, so as to replenish ammunition for weapons and equipment with turrets. These two kinds of packages have improved the ammunition protection capability and the combat capability of the army's major weapon systems

Research on commercial packaging of light weapons ammunition

in the procurement reform since the 1990s, a key reform measure is to adopt commercial standards and detailed military specifications for ammunition. After comparing the commercial packaging with the strict requirements of the U.S. Army Ammunition, it is found that the commercial packaging is deficient in many aspects of allowing the drop hammer to break the sample. Some important requirements of the army for ammunition are as follows:

· the packaging must make the ammunition prevent rough handling under the extreme temperature of 165 ~ - 600F

· the packaged ammunition must be able to fire safely after falling twice from a height of 7 feet under extreme temperature and experiencing loose loading vibration

· with the development of technology, the packaging must maintain a pressure difference of 3 pounds/foot 2 after six 3-foot drops

· the packaging must enable the ammunition to be stored in the warehouse for more than 20 years and exposed to the external environment for 2 years

· the package can be easily taken out while having the above protective properties

commercial packaging is not suitable for the above extreme temperatures, and its design is not very reliable. When transporting commercial products, the main goal of packaging design is to withstand medium rough handling only at ambient temperature and for a short time, so the packaging cost is low. Some of the damage was expected and was covered by the insurance premium or the shipper's insurance policy. This method is cheaper than paying expensive packaging costs for each product. Even for the transportation of commercial dangerous equipment, the purpose of packaging is mainly to meet the specified minimum criteria, rather than the best protection under the worst conditions. For these reasons, the focus of ammunition product packaging is still with the deepening of China's "one belt and one road" initiative and the acceleration of the "going out" process of the new material industry, but it is to obtain the maximum protection capability through the unique military materials and designs

at present, the packaging Department of the weapons research, development and Engineering Center of the U.S. Army tank, motor vehicle and weapons administration, together with the industrial administration at the iwaki Arsenal, is studying the rational use of commercial packaging for ammunition with a view to reducing costs. It is possible to use commercial packaging for small caliber ammunition. At present, all small caliber munitions, regardless of their ultimate purpose, are completely military packaged

the U.S. Army has carried out a research project on the commercial packaging of light weapons ammunition, which uses transparent packaging to pack ammunition for the shooting range, and uses commercial fiberboard boxes for transportation. The Marine Corps has taken this measure, and the army will also take this measure. In the next three years, about $5million can be saved. The packaging reform of small caliber ammunition will not affect soldiers' training in accordance with operational requirements

ammunition packaging in the future

ammunition packaging has an increasingly important impact on the ammunition logistics work of the army in the 21st century and after 2010. The U.S. Army training and Doctrine Command has pointed out that by 2025, all army equipment and supplies must be reduced by 75% in weight and volume. Future troops will increase the demand for light-weight and better protected packaging, which is connected with automatic equipment handling equipment and "smart" logistics systems, while slowing down the massive proliferation caused by accidental stimulus sources. Because the ammunition becomes more "smart" by using complex electronic devices, which reduces the army's demand for a large number of ammunition, packaging for the protection of these expensive limited products actually increases the importance

in order to meet these needs, the defense Ammunition Logistics Center and the packaging Department of the weapons research, development and Engineering Center of the U.S. Army Tank motor vehicle and weapons administration have formulated some new plans to develop future packaging technology. The schemes being studied and planned are: new composite materials, which have the properties of steel, and its weight is a fraction of the weight of steel; Internal barrier material, which helps to meet the standard of insensitive ammunition; Embedded sensors and marked containers that are easy to observe visually; The combined design can quickly supply ammunition for "plug-in" weapons